Divergent Event:The plants first appeared in the Ordovician, but did not begin to resemble modern plants until the Late Silurian. By the close of the Devonian, about 360 million years ago, there were a wide variety of shapes and sizes of plants around, including tiny creeping plants and tall forest trees.
Body Plan: They are multicellular
Metabolism: They are Photoautotrophs.
Digestion:
Nervous:None
Circulatory:None
Respiratory:Photosynthesis
Reproduction: They can reproduce sexually and asexually.
Examples:An oak is a tree or shrub in the genus Quercus ,which about 600 species exist.The genus is native to the northern hemisphere, and includes deciduous and evergreen species extending from cool temperate to tropical latitudes in Asia and the Americas.
Rose-A rose is a woody perennial of the genus Rosa, within the family Rosaceae. There are over 100 species. They form a group of shrubs, and climbing or trailing plants, with stems that are often armed with sharp prickles. Flowers are large and showy, in colours ranging from white through yellows and reds. Most species are native to Asia, with smaller numbers native to Europe, North America, and northwest Africa.
Bryophyta-They are primitive plants and lacl true stems, roots and leaves. They anchor themselves in the soil using rhizoids. They have flagellated sperm within the antheridium and lie within the archegonium. Ex) Mosses, Liverworts
Anthocerotophyta-They are known as flowering plants. Their seeds are enclosed in a fruit or nut. Multicellular with highly specialized and developed conducting tissue for the transport of water and nutrients. They can be further divided into monocots and dicots.
Lycopodiophyta- They are club mosses that are small with rhizomes and short,erect branches. They were common 300 million years ago when their extinct relatives were tree-like plants.
Pteridophyta-They are seedless plants. They are among the earliest vascular plants to colonize on to land. The life cycle of a fern involves alternation of generation.
Marchiantiophyta-All liverwort gametophytes are characterized by the following features:Protonema ,if any, has straight cross walls and produces only one erect gametophyte;Chloroplasts are small and many ;Leafy liverworts are more common than thallose liverworts; leafy liverworts can usually be distinguished from mosses by the row of small underleaves on the ventral surface. Leafy liverworts are always flattened but so are some mosses. No stomata, but the more complex thallose liverworts have open pores that have limited ability to close.
The sporophyte is determinate, and enclosed at first in a calyptra derived from archegonial tissue. The stalk is very short.
Cycadophyta-The Cycads are an ancient phylum, surviving through the age of the dinosaurs to modern times. There is a great deal of variation within the phylum, but a few unique characteristics hold them together and differentiate them from other seed-bearing plants. They are Dioecius , Tropical and sub-tropical habitats, Pachycaul stem, Girdling leaf traces, Coralloid roots, Lack axillary buds, and open carpophylls.
Ginkophyta- The only living species in this group of seed-bearing plants, although the ginkgophytes are known in the fossil record dating back to the last period of the Paleozoic Era.The common name for this species is the "Ginkgo" or the "maidenhair tree".The species owes its current existence to cultivation. They are a dioecious species. The fleshy seed coatings produced on female Ginkgos produce butyric acid.
Pinophyta-They are woody plants that bear their seeds in cones. They gave tracheids and well-developed phloem. Fertilization does not require a water source. They are dominant plants
Gnetophyta-Has a presence of both tracheids and vessel elements in their xylem tissue. Angiosperms might be an ancestor.Gnetophyta's unique fertilization feature is that a tube grows from the eggs to unite with the pollen tubes in order for fertilization to take place between the gametophytes. The sperm themselves are not motile.This is the only type of gymnosperm that undergoes double fertilization, however no endosperm forms and the 2nd egg fertilized disintegrates.Some of the species can produce nectar and come across insects.
Magnoliophyta-Magnoliophyta is the Plant Division that includes flowering plants. Sometimes they are also called "angiosperms." Plants in the Magnoliophyta Division have leaves, stems, and roots. They have seeds which are enclosed in a shell-like coating. These seeds are spread by wind, water, or animals so that they may land in new places and grow into new plants. Ex)grains, grasses
----------Monocotyledonae-(Lilopsida)Contains one cotyledon, the veins of their leaves are arranges in straight lines up and down, fibrous root system, flower organs are multiples of three.Ex)Orchid, Lily
----------Dicotyledon-Contains two cotyledons, has netlike veins, Vascular tissue arranges in a ring, taproot is present, flower organs are in multiples of 4 or 5.EX) Snow Pea, California poppy
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